写作技巧——这些情况下，必须加连字符
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阅读： 2024/4/8 14:16:46
关于论文写作技巧
今天介绍一下连字符“-”的用法
动名词组合用作形容词，两词之间要加连字符
例：
“The drug induced side effects”
如果作为一个单独的句子，“The drug induced side effects. These included headache, nausea, ...”此时，“drug”是作为主语，而“induced”是一个动词过去式作谓语，这句话表示“这种药物会引起副作用”。
如果作为一个句子中的一部分，“The drug-induced side effects ... of aspirin include GI distress.”此时，“drug-induced”用连字符连接，在句子中充当形容词，修饰“side effects”，表示“由药物引起的副作用”
这一原则多用在动词的-ed, -ing,以及-ent形式中（当它们被用作形容词时）。
例：
receptor-mediated; exercise-induced asthma; site-directed mutagenesis; FDA-approved drug
drug-metabolizing enzyme; ligand-binding domain; rate-limiting step
concentration-dependent effects; ligand-independent transactivation; RNA-dependent DNA synthesis
形容词动词结合作为形容词，两词之间要加连字符
例：
“blue-labeled tubes”是指试管上贴了蓝色的标签
如果有两个术语修饰同一个词，这两个术语需要加连字符
例：
the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent enzyme PKC
The epinephrine- and isoproterenol-induced responses were both blocked by propranolol with similar potency.
The drug-sensitive and -insensitive cells were compared for… two words after the hyphens instead of before
副词与动词结合作为形容词，两词之间不加连字符
以“y”或“ly”结尾的词通常是副词，应为它们总是用来修饰动词或形容词的，所以不用加连字符
例：
a newly identified enzyme
A highly regarded expert in the field
A very limited interaction
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