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  • 阅读: 2024/7/1 17:10:19

    在英文科技论文中,冠词的使用特别讲究,我们必须根据英语的习惯加上必要的冠词,例如: 新术式对防止术后腰痛有积极的作用(The new surgical procedure plays a positive role in the prevention of postoperative back pain)。本文例举英语医学论文中冠词的一些习惯用法,供医学论文译作者参考。

    1 器官、组织和解剖部位名称

    器官、组织和解剖部位名称的单数形式前一般要用定冠词: the mall intestine(小肠),the adrenal gland(肾上腺),the internal thoracic artery(胸廓动脉),the dentate line(齿状线),the diaphragmatic surface of the liver(肝膈面),the urinary system(泌尿系统)。这类名称并列出现时,可以只保留第一个而省略其他的定冠词: the heart, (the) lung and (the) kidney

    2 疾病名称

    疾病名称前一般不用冠词: biliary fistula(胆瘘),adenoma(腺瘤),groin hernia(腹股沟疝),intestinal obstruction(肠梗阻)。Syndrome一词与专有名词合用时不用冠词: Cushing's syndrome(柯兴氏综合征),与非专有名词合用时习惯上要用定冠词: the adrenal cortical syndrome(肾上腺皮质综合征)。

    3 手术名称

    手术名称前一般不用冠词: hysterectomy(子宫切除术),laparoscopy(腹腔镜术),liver transplant(肝脏移植),urinary diversion(尿路分流术)。含有approachtechniquemethod等表示技术方法的单词的词组前习惯上要用冠词thea/an: (1the transsphenoidal approach(经蝶手术径路),the immunohistochemical technique(免疫组化技术),the sequence-based-typing method(直接测序法); (2a modified approach(一种改良径路),a new technique(一种新技术),a relatively simple and convenient method(一种相对简便的方法)。

    4 药物名称

    药物名称前不用冠词: gentamicin(庆大霉素),dicynone(止血敏),cephalosporin(先锋霉素),cyclosporin A (环孢素A)。

    5 缩略词

    缩略词前一般不用冠词: GERDgastroesophageal reflux disease胃食管返流病),LapUSlaparoscopic ultrosonograph腹腔镜超声技术),CHPScongenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄),FNABfine needle aspiration biopsy细针抽吸活检)。

    6 序数词和基数词

    含序数词的词组前要用定冠词,而名词加基数词的词组前则不用任何冠词:(1the first groupthe first stagethe first step, the first 2 weeksthe first costae;(2Group 1Stage 1Step 1, Table 1Figure 1

    7 重复出现的名词

    研究对象或方法第一次出现在摘要或论文中时,视其单复数形式或是否可数名词等情况采用不定冠词或不用任何冠词,再次或重复出现时要用定冠词修饰: (1) A patient with olfactory groove meningioma received microsurgical treatment. … Follow-up studies showed that the patient recovered well. (2) Nineteen patients underwent modified Madigan prostatectomy. … Of the 19 cases, 17 showed no complications. 3Microsurgery was performed on 12 patients. … After the operation, improvement was observed in 10.

    8 标题中的研究对象

    英文中可数名词泛指一般事物有三种方法: 加定冠词the,加不定冠词a/an或使用复数。以下论文标题中rat既无冠词又无复数s的用法是错误的: Effect of somatostatin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat(生长抑素对大鼠部分肝切除后肝再生的影响)。研究对象出现在标题中时,为了达到简洁的目的,最好采用不加冠词的名词复数形式: for cancer patientsin rabbits

    9 论文作者单位

    论文作者的单位(科室、院系、附属医院、大专院校、研究机构等)名称前的定冠词可以省略,以求简洁,并且同一期刊应采用统一的用法: (the) Department of General Surgery, (the) Fourth Military Medical University, (the) Institute of Cancer Research

    以专有名词命名的单位名称前不用冠词: Sun Yet-sen University of Medical SciencesBethune International Peace HospitalHunan Children's Hospital

    10 其他

    以下是英语摘要和论文中经常使用的一些词组的正误用法对照。

    series of studies(误) a series of studies(正)

    all time(误) all the time(正)

    most common disease(误) the/a most common disease(正)

    better way(误) a better way(正)

    result(s) of experiment(误) the result(s) of the experiment(正)

    increase in(误) an/the increase in(正)

    (an) one-year old boy(误) a/the one-year old boy(正)

    both mother and baby(误) both the mother and the baby(正)

    follow-up of 6 months(误) a/the follow-up of 6 months(正)

    average length of hospitalization(误) the average length of hospitalization(正)

    treatment of(误) the treatment of (正)

    close relationship between(误) a/the close relationship between(正)

    family history of(误) a/the family history of(正)

    retrospective study of(误) a retrospective study of(正)

    control group(误) the control group(正)

    the another procedure(误) the other procedure or another procedure (正)

    only choice(误) the only choice(正)

    on biological basis () on a/the biological basis ()

    lack of () a/the lack of ()

    (the) similar test () a similar test ()

    in the size/height/weight () in size/height/weight ()

    pay a great attention to () pay great attention to ()

    40 years of the age () 40 years of age ()

    over past decade () over the past decade ()

    5-year survival rate () a/the 5-year survival rate ()

    of a prime importance () of prime importance ()

    due to (the) unknown cause () due to an unknown cause ()

    key to success () the/a key to success ()

    important factor () an/the important factor ()

    diameter of () the diameter of ()

    side/long-term effect () a/the side/long-term effect ()

    total number of () a/the total number of ()

    对于医学论文的译作者来说,要掌握好英语冠词的用法,比较可行的办法是在了解英语冠词基本用法的基础上,多阅读英语医学文献。如果实在拿不准,可以将各种情况加引号在google学术中搜索,看哪种情况返回的结果多,在搜索时可以指定特别的期刊,如NatureBMJLancet等,这样结果更加准确。

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